The applications of optical fiber

Today, work stations are interconnected using network using fiber optics as its use allows for information flows faster and greater security in transmissions.
In telephony, coaxial cables are slowly replaced by fiber optiques.en Indeed, it is more economical on long and short distances and the number of components required is less important.
Its use is particularly interesting for the military because it gives them some advantages:
low-weight
-size of the fiber
-insensitivity to interference and detection



FIBER OPTICS

1.-The cable technique
The optical fiber was used for these connections, because of relatively long distances, its weakening low prevents the installation of repeaters, unlike coaxial and microwave links that were not interactive. France Telecom is responsible for receiving the programs and then transmits to the control of the operator. They are then sent via fiber to the center of France Telecom supervision and then to the distribution centers.
The first urban fiber network in 1980 in Paris, between two central electronic. The first series of orders were placed in 1982 and the beginning of the massive achievements in 1983. Since 1987 has used the new fiber. Currently three quarters of the fibers are installed in the Paris area . It operate without repeater to 34 Mbits / s. End 1988 150000 Km fiber was employed and 300 000 km ordered.
Approximately 200 000 km of fiber will be laid in intercity by 10 years.

The strategy of the Directorate General of national networks is as follows:

* Skip to the fiber axis for all major risk of saturation in the short and medium term.
* Search the optical connection.
* Aim for optical services in large cities.


2.-Areas of advanced telecommunications (ZTA)

Service very efficient telecommunications are available to offer to businesses: optical fiber networks connected to ISDN 2nd generation, possible reasons for the Telecom 1 satellites and IBS to American and European cities.

3 .- Vidéodyn
The name brings together all the resources available to either customers or subscribers for the occasional television transmissions. Urban networks used for routing fiber optic part in the big cities: they provide connections between telephone exchanges and fuel distribution centers neighborhoods. In addition to the images for the general public, these materials are capable of delivering on fiber, high-speed signals to broadband can be used to establish permanent or temporary connections between different devices.

4 .- The broadband ISDN
ISDN is based on a completely digital and optical. Digital satellite hubs connect analog phones and digital switches to digital. ISDN is established since 1987 in the northern coast. It is now in Paris and throughout France. The standard digital connections adapted to the volume of communication of each user for the transportation of voice, fax, videotex and the data twice 64kbit / s a single cable. The services on fiber optic networks to broadband therefore complement those of the first generation narrowband: banks allow multimedia video, downloading videos or software.

5 .- The domotics
Centralized technical management of a smart building can include fire, floods, gas leaks, alerting services, remote etc ... This requires a "home bus" based on fiber optics.

network type (example)